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TurtleFossil range: Triassic - Recent "Chelonia" from Ernst Haeckel's Kunstformen der Natur, 1904 Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Order: TestudinesLinnaeus, 1758 Diversity ca. 300 species in 14 extant families. blue: sea turtles, black: land turtles Suborders CryptodiraPleurodiraSee text for families. Turtles, Tortoises, and Terrapins are reptiles of the Order Testudines (all living turtles belong to the crown group Chelonia), most of whose body is shielded by a special bony or cartilagenous shell developed from their ribs. The Order Testudines includes both extant (living) and extinct species, the earliest known turtles being from around 215 million years ago,[1] making turtles one of the oldest reptile groups, and a much more ancient group than lizards and snakes. About 300 species are alive today; some are highly endangered.Like other reptiles, turtles are ectothermic (or "cold-blooded"[2]). Like other amniotes (reptiles, dinosaurs, birds, and mammals), they breathe air and don't lay eggs underwater, though many species live in or around water. The largest turtles are aquatic.
A tortoise or land turtle is a land-dwelling reptile of the order Testudines. Like their aquatic cousins, the sea turtles, tortoises are shielded from predators by a shell. The top part of the shell is the carapace, the underside is the plastron, and the two are connected by the bridge. The tortoise has both an endoskeleton and an exoskeleton. Tortoises can vary in size from a few centimetres to two meters. Tortoises tend to be diurnal animals with tendencies to be crepuscular depending on the ambient temperatures. They are generally reclusive and shy.
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