OK, to make a SWAG...
I'd say that sensor detects a range of coolant temperature. It will send data, probably registers a range of low voltage, and tells the ECU to change or correct engine idle, A/F, and ignition timing.
If it fails, the ECU will throw a check engine light?
Gnarls.
Strike #1
Do Some research before you try again.
I will Give you a small amount of credit. It is a sensor and it does measure temp.
Come on, I have great fait in You.